Headmanships of villages, court offices, ritual titles, and chieftainships are passed on in this way. ii. In the African understanding, it is believed that there is no natural death. (New York: The Free Press, 1963.) Primary kinship refers to direct relations. The celebration that marked the end of initiation is slowly dying out due to economic constraints. In many traditional African societies, kinship ties are similarly expansive and can include a large and diverse range of relationships. - An orphan is a child whose both parents are dead. There has been a lot of interference from Christian religious beliefs. Severing the ties of kinship is among the body sins and it is among the major sins. Introduction The primary objective of this paper is to define the African traditional religious system as the basis of understanding Christian spiritual warfare within an African context. 5. 4. Second, social support is usually sought from the matrilineal line or descent group. ii. 6. 41 Molefi Kete Asante, Afrocentricity: The Theory of Social Change. This culture was pre-literate, pre-scientific and pre-industrial. drought, famine etc. But it makes it difficult to keep track of our kin. Changes that have affected land ownership - Today its a requirement by the government that one must possess a land title deed. Rules and Regulations: People in the community are governed by rules and regulations, which are strictly followed. 2 Traditional foster care arrangements are referred to as non-kin foster care. - In some communities e.g. Traditionally no parent fixes a price for his daughter (a bride). Colson, Elizabeth., Marriage and the Family among the Plateau Tonga of Northern Rhodesia., Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1958. 3. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN AFRICAN UNDERSTANDING Today many people talk of the way things were sometimes back many factors have affected the African culture. All the members come together in times of need. But quite to the contrary, the clan seems to have a more supreme influence. Children could be named after their dead relatives. - They are given financial assistance. The medicine men lead the community in religious rituals. Members of a community could also come together when defending the community against outside invaders. vii. Kinship is the relationship, including social relationship, that exists between two or more individuals, and kinship has a major influence on political, and economic systems in many different regions from around the world. Birth and naming 2. Barnes, J.A., Marriage in a Changing Society: a Study in Structural Change among the Fort Jameson Ngoni, The Rhodes-Livingstone Papers, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1951, 1970. Impact of Modernism on Family. Changing attitudes to birth and naming 1. 6. - Life also continues after death, death does not mark the end of life but is just a change of state. 6. She organizes the disposal of the placenta (after birth). A mock wrestling sometimes would be organized between the boy and the girl. Phone: (540) 828-5351 The cultural and physical diversity added with the dramatic social changes of the last three decades on the continent makes the family pattern situation so variegated as to defy any sweeping generalizations. Removal of teeth. It is the kinship ties which determine a person's rights, responsibilities and behaviour. Richards, Audrey I., Bemba Marriage and Present Economic Conditions, The Rhodes-Livingstone Papers, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1969. This has been due to western culture, industrialization, urbanization Christianity, limited time and economic constraints. Initiation 3. Department of Sociology in some communities it is thrown to uncultivated land to show fertility. It gives the mans family time to prepare for the dowry payment. MEDIUMS AND DIVINERS - Mediums are people through which ancestors and spirits communicate with the living. Such influences as end of intra and inter-tribal warfare with the coming of European colonialism, the Western money economy, industrialization, migration, and urbanization have certainly transformed the traditional African family from what it was 50 to 100 years ago. Prayers also connect the living and the dead. These include birth, initiation, marriage and death. It is also a way of remembering important events in the society. The gifts also act as security in case the marriage breaks then the gifts could be returned. There is a lot of secrecy surrounding the knowledge of herbs. - However the practice of looking after widows and orphans is dying out. - When a woman learns that she is pregnant, she becomes very happy and she becomes a special person in the community and receives special treatment. If the child laughs, then the last mentioned name is given to him or her, .and the soul of the ancestors is considered to have entered its body.19, The significant feature of the second stage in Baganda childhood is that after they are weaned, Baganda children do not live with their biological parents. Some are circumcised when they are still infants. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1956, 1966, 1971. Young initiates are trained to be responsible husbands and wives in future. Although among the Baganda, the nuclear family of the mother, father, and their children constitutes the smallest unit of the Baganda kinship system, the traditional family consists of several nuclear units held in association by a common father.9 Because the Baganda people are patrilineal, the household family also includes other relatives of the father such as younger unmarried or widowed sisters, aged parents, and children of the fathers clan sent to be brought up by him. 9) The practice has also been affected by belief in conventional medicine. 5. v. Taking oaths falsely. (2) Active leisure: This involves the use of the physical energy. Introduction. Politics: New political systems and forms of government have changed the traditional community. Education of children has been left to teachers. Early marriages are encountered to reduce fornication. They are experts in particular religious fields. 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